ROLE OF NONI IN MALE AND FEMALE INFERTILIT
Infertility is not a "woman's" problem. It is a medical problem of the male or female reproductive system. In about one third of cases, the cause is traced to the woman, another third of cases are traced to the man. The rest are caused by unknown factors or a physiological incompatibility.
Infertility is not only a physical condition--it is an emotional and social condition with accompanying feelings and issues. The infertile couple needs support and consideration from the treatment team, friends, family, and each other.
What is the cause of male infertility and female infertility?
Roughly one-third of infertility cases can be attributed to male factors and another one-third to factors that affect women. For the remaining infertile couples, infertility is caused by a combination of problems in both partners (about 13%) or is unexplained (about 10%).
The most common causes of male infertility include azoospermia (no sperm cells are produced) and oligospermia (few sperm cells are produced). Sometimes, sperm cells are malformed or they die before they can reach the egg.
The most common cause of female infertility is an ovulation disorder. Other causes of female infertility include blocked fallopian tubes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Repeated miscarriages may be caused by congenital anomalies (birth defects) involving the structure of the uterus and uterine fibroids.
Role Of Noni in case of infertility
If there is any base line cause of any pathological derangement for the infertility then it should be treated first. But if the infertility is due to some other factors like endocrinological (hormonal) imbalance or environmental factors then noni may help. Noni acts like a powerful immune modulator hence help in keeping your endocrine system in a well balance condition. So may help in case of sterility.
In case low semen production Noni may help to improve this condition. If the infertility is due to the underline cause of high increase of free radical's damage then noni may help to improve this condition as it has high power anti oxidant properties.
Noni is able to affect so many systems is through its ability to promote new cellular growth and to repair damaged cells. Everything in our body is made up of cells. An accumulation of damaged cells could result in a damaged organ or system. There are several ways that Noni can help rebuild the body's overall cellular growth. To begin, Noni is a powerful antioxidant. Much has been written in recent years about cellular damage resulting from free radicals.
Free radicals occur when the chains of important biochemicals in the body are broken with a resultant unpaired electron remaining. This occurs because of oxidization in the body. The "radicals" of these broken chains then move around the body as free radicals, causing damage to other cells. When a cell in hit by a free radical, the cell may become more permeable and leaky. The mitochondria may actually be compromised, or DNA might be damaged. Many scenarios result in a "sick cell". In order to combat the potential effects of free radicals, the body needs to first prevent oxidization (with an anti – oxidant), and next, it needs something to rebuild the already damaged cells. Studies show that NONI can help do both. In addition to the antioxidant activity in Noni, Dr. Ralph Heinicke, Ph.D., has pinpointed constituents in Noni that he believes are responsible for the Juice's ability to promote cellular growth. These are parts of his postulated xeronine system, which consists of proxeronine, proxeroninease, and xeronine.
Why Noni works for so many conditions
The natural integrity of noni is only part of the reason for its effectiveness. There are two additional reasons contribution to noni's effectiveness for a broad range of conditions:
1. Unique Combinations of Substances
For a fruit, which sit he most digestively efficient of all foods, noni has an impressive combination of ingredients. It has a rich complement of vitamins and minerals; including A, B vitamins (including the rare B-12), C, E, Iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, zinc and several trace minerals. It also has 17 of 20 amino acids. Terpenes, fungicides, adaptogens, glycosides, polysaccharides and other unique ingredients that even in small amounts can have significant physiological effects can be found in Noni. Studies show that NONI stimulates the immune system, regulates proper cell function, increases the ability of cells to absorb and utilize nutrients, inhibits tumor growth, and regenerates damaged cells. Probably the most unique ingredient is an alkaloid called xeronine.Xeronine has several important functions including regulating the many proteins in the body, activating inactive enzymes and improving cellular function. Noni also contains a substance called proxeronine, which can be stored in the liver according to Dr. Ralph Heinecke. Proxeronine, in turn, can be used to make xeronine, as needed. Noni has very good serotonin binding ability. Serotonin is important for several functions, including sleep quality, hunger, sexual behaviour, temperature regulation; and several personality disorders\ including depression, anxiety, irritability and attention deficit conditions. Scopoletin, another important ingredient in noni, is known for its anti inflammatory, anti histaminic, improved circulation, anti-asthmatic, anti bacterial and several additional important effects.It works like a food and acts like a medicine or herb without the side effects.
2. Synergy of its Substances
The many known, and even some of the unknown substances, come together in a way that support the needs of many of our internal systems, concurrently. As the word synergy implies, these substances work far better in combination than they do separately. Many of the ingredients in noni are found in varying amounts in other foods or herbs. There seems to be no known food or herb with either the rich list of substances or the high amounts of key substances all put together in one super food. Noni aids the body's natural healing abilities.
So here I can suggest you both continue noni for a longer period just for a trial basis as because till yet it has not been established all the therapeutic effects of noni in all diseases. But you must keep in your mind that it is not a medicine for any diseases but a best nutritional supplements which contain all the micronutrients that our all cell needs and our body needs. The deficiency of those micronutrients is the cause of many diseases.
Antioxidant and Free Radicals
Noni is a powerful antioxidant.
An antioxidant is a substance that reduces the oxidative damage caused by free radicals.
An antioxidant is a substance that reduces the oxidative damage caused by free radicals.
AntioxidantsAntioxidants are phytochemicals, vitamins and other nutrients that protect our cells from damage caused by free radicals. In vitro en in vivo studies have shown that antioxidants help prevent the free radical damage that is associated with cancer and heart disease. Antioxidants can be found in most fruits and vegetables but also culinary herbs and medicinal herbs can contain high levels of antioxidants. Dragland S and colleagues showed in their study entitled "Several Culinary and Medicinal Herbs are Important Sources of Dietary Antioxidants", and published in the Journal of Nutrition (2003 May) that the antioxidant level of herbs can be as high as 465 mmol per 100 g.A study in 2006 by Thompson HJ showed that a botanical diversity of fruits and vegetables plays a role in the biological effect of antioxidant phytochemicals. The consumption of smaller quantities of many phytochemicals may result in more health benefits than the consumption of larger quantities of fewer phytochemicals.
What are free radicals?
Free radicals are formed as part of our natural metabolism but also by environmental factors, including smoking, pesticides, pollution and radiation. Free radicals are unstable molecules which react easily with essential molecules of our body, including DNA, fat and proteins. All organic and inorganic materials consist of atoms, which can be bound together to form molecules. Each atom has a specific number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged). Most single atoms are not stable because they have to few or to may electrons. Atoms try to reach a state of maximum stability by giving away or receiving electrons from other atoms, thereby forming molecules. Free radicals are molecules with have one electron too much or to less in order to be stable. Free radicals try to steal or give electrons to other molecules, thereby changing their chemical structure.
When a free radical attacks a molecule, it will then become a free radical itself, causing a chain reaction which can result in the destruction of a cell. Antioxidants have the property to neutralize free radicals without becoming a free radicals themselves. When antioxidants neutralize free radicals by receiving or donating an electron they do not become antioxidants themselves because they are stable in both forms. In other words, antioxidants are chemicals that offer up their own electrons to the free radicals, thus preventing cellular damage. However, when the antioxidant neutralizes a free radical it becomes inactive. Therefore we need to continuously supply our body with antioxidants. The action of free radicals could increase the risk of diseases such as cancer and hearth problems and could accelerate ageing. Antioxidants have the property to neutralize the free radicals and prevent damage. Well known examples of antioxidants are the vitamin C, E and beta-carotene. These three vitamins are often added to the so called ACE drinks. But there are numerous other rather unknown antioxidants such as lycopene, and lutein.Benefits of antioxidants
Numerous studies with plant phytochemicals show that phytochemicals with antioxidant activity may reduce risk of cancer and improve heart health.
Antioxidants reduce the risk of cancer
Not all results are conclusive but many studies show that antioxidants may reduce the risk of cancer. A large randomized trial on antioxidants and cancer risk was the Chinese Cancer Prevention Study (1993). This study showed that a combination of the antioxidants beta-carotene, vitamin E and selenium significantly reduced incidence of cancer. However, the Alpha-Tocopherol / Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (1994) showed that intake of beta-carotene increased lung cancer rates of male smokers.
Antioxidants protect the heart
Everyone knows that cholesterol causes heart diseases and tries to limit cholesterol intake. But a more important cause of fatty buildups in the arteries is the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The use of dietary supplements of antioxidants could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but there is no hard evidence. At this stage, studies only show that the intake of foods, naturally rich in antioxidants reduces this risk.
Antioxidant claims on foods
Antioxidants can be found in most foods, especially in fruits and vegetables, but we see more and more food products on the shelves with antioxidant claims. These antioxidant claims crop up everywhere: from beverages to chocolates. Food producers do this because of the very high consumer awareness of the term antioxidants. Consumers believe that a high intake of antioxidants will protect them from ageing, cancer, heart disease and other diseases. This awareness already started in the 1990s when mainly beverage producers launched so called ACE drinks, which contained the three antioxidant vitamins vitamin A, C and E. Now food producers are adding supper fruits such as red berries, pomegranate and acai. When the food producer claims antioxidants, they are mainly looking at the total content of antioxidants and not at their biological activity. The antioxidant activity of foods is mainly expressed as FRAP, ORAC or TEAC values, all of which are measured in a test tube. In future the antioxidant activity should be measured in humans, by determining the quantities absorbed in the blood and tissues.
What are free radicals?
Free radicals are atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons in the outermost bonding orbital and are likely to take part in chemical reactions. Electrons prefer to be in pairs and when an electron is alone in its orbital in will try to take an electron from another atom to become more stable. When the other atom loses its electron it tries on its turn to steal an electron from another atom, often resulting in a dangerous chain reaction. Free radicals can cause damage to our cells but they also play an important role in a number of biological processes, such as the intracellular killing of bacteria by white blood cells and some cell signalling processes.
Types of free radicals
Types of free radicals
Most free radicals are coming from oxygen atoms and are called Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), such as superoxide ion, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen.
Superoxide ion (or reactive oxygen species) is an oxygen molecule with an extra electron. This free radical can cause damage to mitochondria, DNA and other molecules. Our body can neutralize superoxide ions by producing superoxide dismutase.
Superoxide ion (or reactive oxygen species) is an oxygen molecule with an extra electron. This free radical can cause damage to mitochondria, DNA and other molecules. Our body can neutralize superoxide ions by producing superoxide dismutase.
Hydroxyl radical is formed by the reduction of an oxygen molecule in the electron transport chain. It is a neutral (not charged) form of the hydroxide ion. Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive and form an important part of radical biochemistry. Unlike superoxide the hydroxyl radical cannot be eliminated by an enzymatic reaction. Is has a very short half-life and will only react with molecules its vicinity. Because of its high reactivity it will damage most organic molecules such as carbohydrates, DNA, lipids and proteins.
Singlet oxygen is formed by our immune system. Singlet oxygen causes oxidation of LDL cholesterol.
Hydrogen peroxide is not a free radical but it is involved in the production of many reactive oxygen species. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of oxygen metabolism and is neutralized by peroxidases.
Sometimes reactive nitrogen atoms are involved and these free radicals grouped under Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS). Nitric acid is the most important RNS. Some transitional metals, such as iron and copper, have many numbers of unpaired electrons and can also act as free radicals. These metals do not have that strong electron affinity but can easily accept and donate electrons.
Oxidative damage
Free radicals can damage DNA in different ways. They can disrupt the duplication and maintenance of DNA, brake open the DNA molecule or they can alter the structure by reacting with the DNA bases. Lipids in cell membranes are very prone to oxidative damage because some free radicals tend to concentrate in the membrane and cause oxidative damage, known as lipid peroxidation. Many forms of cancer are thought to be the result of reactions between free radicals and DNA, resulting in mutations that can lead to malignancy. Other diseases such as atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's are also attributed to free radicals.
Noni's Phytochemicals Profile
1. ethylthomethyl) benzene2. 1-hexanol
3. hydroxyanthraquinone
4. 2-heptanone
5. 2-methyl-2-butenyl hexanoate
6. 6-§-primeveroside
7. 2-methylbutanoic acid
8. 24-methylcycloartanol
9. 24-methylenecycloartanyl linoleate
10. 3-hydroxymorindone
11. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol
12. 3-methylthiopropanoic acid
13. 5,6-dihydroxylucidin-3-§-primeverosid
14. glucopyranoside
15. D(+)=galactopyranoside
16. 1,-O-§-rhamnosyl
17. 6-dodeceno-y-lactone
18. methylanthraquinone
19. acetic acid
20. alkaloids
21. anthraquinones
22. asperuloside
23. benzyl alcohol
24. methyl octanoate
25. methyl palmitate
26. morenone-2
27. morindanigrine
28. morindone
29. mucilaginous matter
30. it-butyric acid
31. nonanoic acid
32. octadecenoic acid
33. oleic acid 34. paraffin
35. pentose
36. phosphate
37. physcion-8-O
38. 1-butanol
39. 1-methoxy-2-formyl-3-
40. 2,5-undecadien-1-ol
41. 2-methyl-2-butenyl decanoate
42. 2-methyl-3,5,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone-
43. 2-methyl-3,5,-6-trihydroxyanthraquinones
44. 2-methylpropanoic acid
45. 24-methylenecholesterol
46. 3-hydroxyl-2-butanone
47. 3-hydroxymorindone-6-§-primeveroside
48. 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol
49. 5,6-dihydroxylucidin
50. 5,7-acacetin 7-O-§-D(+)-
51. 5,7-dimethylapigenin-4O-O-§-D-
52. 6,8-dimethoxy-3-methyl anthraquinone-
53. glucopyranoside
54. 7-hydroxy-8methoxy-2-
55. 8,11,14-eicostrienoic acid
56. alizarin
57. anthragallol 1,2-dimethyl ehter
58. antrhagallol 2,3-dimethyl ehter
59. benzoic acid
60. butanoic acid
61. methyl oleate
62. morenone-1
63. morindadiol64. morindin
65. morindone-6-§-primeveroside
66. myristic acid
67. it-valeric acid
68. nordamnacanthal
69. octanoic acid
70. palmitic acid
71. pectins
72. phenolic body
73. physcoin
74. [{L-arabinopyranosyl} (1-3)
75. {§-D-g-D-galactopyranosyl (1-6)
76. potassium
77. calcium
78. campesteryl linoleyl glucoside
79. campesteryl palmityl glycoside
80. carbonate ions
81. cycloartenol
82. cycloartenol palmitate
83. decanoic acid
84. ethyl decanoate
85. ethyl octanoate
86. eugenol
87. gampesteryl linoleate
88. glycosides
89. hexadecane
90. hexanedioic acid
91. hexose
92. iron
93. isocaproic acid
94. isofucosteryl linoleate
95. lauric acid
96. linoleic acid
97. lucidin-3-§-primeveroside
98. methyl 3-methylthio-propanoate
99. methyl elaidate
100. proxeronine
101. resins
102. ricinoleic acid
103. rubiadin-1-methyl ether
104. sitosterol
105. sitosteryl linoleate
106. sitosteryl palmitate
107. sodium
108. §-sitosterol
109. sterols
110. stigmasteryl glycoside
111. stigmasteryl linoleyl glycoside
112. stigmasteryl palmityl glycoside
113. trioxymethylanthraquinone
114. ursolic acid
115. {§-D-galactopyranoside}
116. protein
117. campesteryl glycoside
118. campesteryl palmitate
119. campestrol
120. carotene
121. cycloartenol linoleate
122. damnacanthal
123. elaidic acid
124. ethyl hexanoate
125. ethyl palmitate
126. ferric iron
127. glucose
128. heptanoic acid
129. hexanamide
130. hexanoic acid
131. hexyl hexanoate
132. isobutyric acid
133. isofucosterol
134. isolaveric acid
135. limonene
136. lucidin
137. magnesium
138. methyl decanoate
139. methyl hexanoate
140. proxeronease
141. rhamnose
142. rubiadin
143. scopoletin
144. sitosteryl glycoside
145. sitosteryl linoleyl glycoside
146. sitosteryl palmityl glycoside
147. sorandjidiol
148. stearic acid
149. stigmasterol
150. stimasteryl linoleate
151. stigmasteryl palmitate
152. terpenoids
153. undecanoic acid
What are phytochemicals?
Phytochemicals are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. There are more than thousand known phytochemicals. It is well-known that plant produce these chemicals to protect itself but recent research demonstrate that they can protect humans against diseases. Some of the well-known phytochemicals are lycopene in tomatoes, isoflavones in soy and flavanoids in fruits. They are not essential nutrients and are not required by the human body for sustaining life.
How do phytochemicals work
There are many phytochemicals and each works differently. These are some possible actions:
Antioxidant - Most phytochemicals have antioxidant activity and protect our cells against oxidative damage and reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Hormonal action -Imitate human estrogens and help to reduce menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis.
Stimulation of enzymes - Stimulate enzymes that make the estrogen less effective and could reduce the risk for breast cancer.
Interference with DNA replication - Interfere with the replication of cell DNA, thereby preventing the multiplication of cancer cells.Anti-bacterial effect - The phytochemical allicin from garlic has anti-bacterial properties.
Physical action - Some phytochemicals bind physically to cell walls thereby preventing the adhesion of pathogens to human cell walls.
How do we get enough phytochemicals?
Foods containing phytochemicals are already part of our daily diet. In fact, most foods contain phytochemicals except for some refined foods such as sugar or alcohol. Some foods, such as whole grains, vegetables, beans, fruits and herbs, contain many phytochemicals. The easiest way to get more phytochemicals is to eat more fruit and vegetables. It is recommended take daily at least 5 to 9 servings of fruits or vegetable. Fruits and vegetables are also rich in minerals, vitamins and fibre and low in saturated fat.
Future of phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are naturally present in many foods but it is expected that through bioengineering new plants will be developed, which will contain higher levels. This would make it easier to incorporate enough phytochemicals with our food.
History of Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals exists as long as plants exist but we only know about hundred years about their existence. Medicinal plants are widely used by traditional cultures all over the world. It is likely that the knowledge of traditional medicine developed through trial and error over many centuries. The Chinese have the oldest medicine system. More than 5000 years ago, the Chinese based their medicine on the influence of yin and yang, and on the five elements. The earliest records about herbal medicine dates back to 2800 BC when the Chinese emperor Shen Nong wrote the text The Great Native Herbal.
Hippocrates (460-377 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC) introduced the herbal medicine from India and Egypt to Europe.
The Greek physician Dioscorides wrote the book De Materia Medica in the first century AD. During the 19th and 20th century, the main strategy of the scientists was to discover the active ingredients, which had medicinal or pesticidal properties. Examples of these discoveries are salicylic avid, morphine and pyrethroids (pesticides). During the 1980s many laboratories started to identify phytochemicals in plants that might be used as medicines. Many of these discovered phytochemicals seems to fight diseases such as cancer, heart attack and stroke. At the same time other scientist conducting epidemiological studies to determine the relationship between the consumption of phytochemicals and human health. Most studies showed that diets rich in plants gave lower rates of cancer and heart disease.
Today, most new pharmaceuticals are not discovered in plants but are new synthetic creations. Recently there is a renewed interest in the discovery of phytochemicals. This renewed interest is our awareness has already developed many chemicals, which still have to be discovered. New modern laboratory techniques have made it easer to discover and identify new phytochemicals.
Noni (Morinda citrifolia)
Other names: Indian mulberry, nono, nonu, cheese fruit, Ba Ji Tian
Description:
The noni plant is a small evergreen shrub or tree that grows from three to six metres. The noni plant has a straight trunk, large elliptical leaves, white tubular flowers and ovoid yellow fruits of up to 12 cm in diameter. The ripe noni fruit has a not so pleasant taste and odour.
Parts used:
All parts of the noni plant can be used: roots, stems, bark, leaves, and flowers and of course the fruits.
Some of the over 150 Phytochemicals include:
Octoanoic acid, Scopoletin, Damnacanthal, Terpenoids, Anthraquinones, Caproic acid, Ursolic Acid, Rutin, etc
Medicinal properties:
Noni has been reported to have a range of health benefits for colds, cancer, diabetes, asthma, hypertension, pain, skin infection, high blood pressure, mental depression, atherosclerosis and arthritis.
The noni contain the antibacterial compounds in the fruits (acubin, L-asperuloside and alizarin) and roots (anthrauinones). Noni conatins scopoletin which inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for intestinal infections, and Heliobacter pylori, which causes ulcers
Damnacanthal, which is found in the noni roots, inhibits the tyrosine kinase and gives noni antitumor activity.
Other facts:
The medicinal properties of Noni were discovered, more than 2000 years ago, by the Polynesians, who imported the fruit from Southeast Asia. Today the noni fruits is eaten in many parts of the world, mainly in the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia and Australia.
Those who recovered from illness after eating the noni fruit called it "the fruit of God". In 2003, noni juice was approved by the European Commission as a novel food and was allowed to be commercialized in the EU. A novel food is food or a food ingredient that was not used to a significant degree in the EU before May 15, 1997. Before any new food product can be introduced on the European market it must be rigorously assessed for safety.
Noni Benefits
Induction of extracellular matrix synthesis in normal human fibroblasts by anthraquinone isolated from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit.
Journal of Medicinal Food. 2005 Winter;8(4):552-5
Previous in vitro studies with cultured human dermal fibroblasts have shown that extract from noni increased production of collagen. The aim of this study was to identity the phytochemicals responsible for this action. The researchers succeeded in isolating the phytochemical 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone. This anthraquinone significantly increased production of procollagen and glycosaminoglycans and reduced expression of the collagenase. The study concluded that anthraquinone from Noni extract could be used as a possible anti-wrinkle agent.
Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice: report of two cases.
World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005 August 14;11(30):4758-60
NoniI juice (Morinda citrifolia) is becoming more popular as a health ingredient in wellness drinks. Noni has been claimed to be beneficial for many diseases. But recently there were cases of liver intoxication. Therefore the toxicity of noni juice was reassessed. One patient had to undergo a liver transplantation and another patient recovered after stopping intake of noni juice. The first patient with previous toxic hepatitis associated with paracetamol developed hepatic failure after consuming nearly two liters of noni juice. The hepatotoxicity is probably linked to anthraquinones. Following this negative publicity, most noni juice producers recommend a daily intake of max 30 ml noni juice.
Inhibition of angiogenic initiation and disruption of newly established human vascular networks by juice from Morinda citrifolia (noni).
Angiogenesis. 2003;6(2):143-9
Noni juice has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noni juice on the development of blood vessel. The study used a fibrin clot matrix model with human placental vein and human breast tumor explants. The researchers found that noni juice at concentrations of 5 percent effectively reduced blood vessel development and reduced the growth rate of new vessels.
Phytochemicals in Noni Juice
An anthraquinone with potent quinone reductase-inducing activity and other constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (noni).
The Journal of Natural Products. 2005 December;68(12):1720-2
Noni has long been used as a medicinal plant in Polynesia. Recently noni has become popular in the United States and other Western countries. This study was the first to isolate a special anthraquinone: 2-methoxy-1,3,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone. This anthraquinone is a strong quinone reductase inducer. It is about 40 times more active than sulphoraphane.
Chemical constituents of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their antioxidant activity.
The Journal of Natural Products. 2005 April;68(4):592-5
The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify phytochemicals in noni fruits. First the phytochemicals were first extracted with methanol and then separated in a N-Butyl Alcohol -soluble fraction. The researchers isolated and identified 17 known phytochemicals and two new phytochemicals: 6-alpha-hydroxyadoxoside and 6-beta,7-beta-epoxy-8-epi-splendoside. The researchers also isolated 6 know phytochemicals for the first time from noni: borreriagenin, cytidine, deacetylasperuloside, dehydromethoxygaertneroside, epi-dihydrocornin, methyl alpha-d-fructofuranoside and methyl beta-d-fructofuranoside. The phytochemicals with the highest antioxidant activity were neolignan and americanin A.
NONI works as a ‘Healthy, Immune System Promoter’
Research has shown that if the immune system starts to turn against itself - perhaps the result of an autoimmune disorder - it may cause a complete obliteration of the pancreas’ beta cells or at least a reduction in the number of functioning beta cells. This then affects the amount and purity and effectiveness of the body’s insulin.
"Noni helps promoting a healthy immune system
by either enhancing an already functioning system
or by stimulating a sluggish one"
Current studies have revealed that Noni helps promoting a healthy immune system by either enhancing an already functioning system or by stimulating a sluggish one. In addition, as described earlier, Noni is believed to fortify and maintain cell structure. This can be accomplished by Noni acting as an adaptogen that can aid “sick” cells in repairing themselves. This could apply to diabetes by either helping malfunctioning beta cells in the pancreas or by aiding the cells that are unsuccessfully trying to receive and use the glucose in the blood.
Besides, NONI has a low glycemic index. Glycemic Index refers to a method of classification by which a number is assigned to foods based on how they affect blood sugar levels. Foods that contain the same amount of total carbohydrate may have a different glycemic index. Fried Chicken, for example, has a higher glycemic affect on the body than carrots; kidney beans increase blood sugar levels more significantly than soya beans, because of its higher glycemic value. The glycemic effect of foods can indicate, as many researchers have found, potential risks than the acute blood sugar levels. NONI has a very low glycemic index and hence it reduces the risks of chronic conditions of diabetics.
Scientific Tips About Noni
Noni and cancer
- Noni has anti tumor activity by stimulating immune factors like TNF, NK cells etc. to attack the tumor. Noni can be used as an immune supplemental therapeutic agent with any cancer therapy.
- Noni has anti-angiogenesis effect on tumor hence inhibit tumor development.
- Noni Prevents DNA adducts formation. Hence protect the cell from converting to cancer. Hence Noni can be used for primary and secondary prevention for cancer.
- In vitro study shows that the Damnacanthal, one phytochemical present in Noni have anti-carcinogenic effect.
- Noni ppt = Noni Polysaccharides - This polysaccharide is made up of 4 sugars (glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). It has immune modulatory effects.
- The Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a system which eliminates carcinogens. Limonene, present in Noni juice seems to promote the GST system in the liver and small bowel, thereby decreasing the damaging effects of carcinogens. Animal studies demonstrated that dietary limonene reduced mammary tumour growth.
- All types of cancer, irrespective of which organ they start in, spread by the same means: they use biological cutting tools (enzymes) that are capable of cutting through the surrounding collagen connective tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the enzyme have been identified as key players in tumor invasion and metastasis. Excessive MMPs secretion has been regarded as an index of malignancy which leads to the degradation of extra cellular matrix. Current treatments protocols with chemotherapy and /or radiation although beneficial, are toxic and have the potential to destroy healthy cells as well. Our approach has been to develop strategies to inhibit cancer development, progression and metastasis using naturally occurring nutrients, which are relatively non-toxic. Lysine and proline are building blocks of collagen fibers that stabilize connective tissue by inhibiting the enzymatic digestion of collagen fibers. Vitamin C is essential for production of collagen and acts as a powerful antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and thereby protects cells from damage. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant and anticancerogenic properties. It prevent cancer cell invasion by inhibiting MMPs. The natural amino acid lysine, especially in combination with vitamin C and other selected cellular nutrients, is capable of blocking this ‘collagen digestion’. Thus we have a biological mechanism that can prevent the spread of cancer cells - and therefore cancer itself. It is postulated that the combination of these nutrients would exert a very potent synergistic anticancer activity. Noni contain the above two amino acids lysine and praline. Noni is rich with vitamin C. Noni contain the phytochemicals Epigallocatehin gallate (EGCG). Hence Noni should help to prevent the cancer tumor invasion and metastasis.
- Limonene, the phytochemicals present in Noni increases the levels of liver enzymes involved in detoxifying carcinogens.
- Cancer chemoprevention involves prevention, delay, or reversal of the process of carcinogenesis through ingestion of dietary or pharmaceutical agents. Recent advances that have defined the cellular and molecular events associated with carcinogenesis, along with a growing body of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical trial data, provide a foundation for relatively new startegies of cancer prevention. One such strategy involves suppression of carcinogen metabolic activation or blocking the formation of ultimate carcinogens. In particular, the induction of phase II enzymes can offer protection against toxic and reactive chemical species. Many recent studies have shown that elevatio of phase II enzymes, such as NAD (P) H: quinone reductase (QR) and GST, correlates with protection against chemical - induced carcinogenesis in animal models, in the stage of promotion as well as initiation. Noni fruits contain an extremely potent quinone reductase inducer, 2 - methoxy - 1, b, 6 - trihydroxyanthraquinone. This new anthraquinone was nearly 40 times more potent than all.
Glycosides
- Noni contain many glycosides - Glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate residue in the same molecule. The non-sugar component is known as the AGLYCONE. The sugar component is called the GLYCONE. If the glycone group of a glycoside is glucose, then the molecule is a glucoside; if it is fructose, then the molecule is a fructoside; if its is glucuronic acid, then the molecule is a glucuronide; etc. In the body, toxic substances are often bonded to glucuronic acid to increase their water solubility; the resulting glucuronides are then excreted. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Asperuloside is a glycoside. Traditionally, this glycoside has been used for diurises (reducing water retention), treating inflammation and varicose veins and phlebitis. Research has indicated that it is anticlastogenic (that is, prevents the breakage of chromosomes). As a result, it anti-mutagenic or resist mutation within the cell’s DNA.
Three new glycosides were isolated from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit. They are;
1. 6-O- (beta-D-glucopyranosy) -1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose,
2. 6-O- (beta-D-glucopyranosy) -1-O-hexanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose,
3. 3-methylbut-3-enyl 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Cholesterol synthesis inhibition
Noni juice shows a positive dose response and inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Associate Professor Dr David Leach (Southern Cross University) says “The in vitro findings are encouraging, and it is work we would like to repeat”.
Noni reduces the production SGPT and SDH in Liver.
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT): An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGPT levels.
Enzymatic assays SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase) concentrations are used in some medical laboratories as a tool for detecting liver damage. The enzyme SDH is mainly localized in the liver and normally there is very little sorbitol dehydrogenase present in the blood. Therefore, increased levels in blood serum samples are indicative of liver cell damage and are diagnostic evidence of liver diseases, particularly acute hepatitis. Noni reduces the production SGPT and SDH in Liver and heart cells. Hence noni good hepatoprotective function.
The phytochemicals present in Noni: Rutin
Rutin, one phytochemicals has also the property to chelate metal ions, such as iron. Hence Noni can helpful in thalassemia codition.
Rutin also seems to stabilize vitamin C. If rutin is taken together with vitamin C, the activity of ascorbic will be intensified.
Rutin is important because it strengthens capillaries and can help people who bruise or bleed easily. Rutin may help to prevent atherosclerotic plaques inside the arteries and thus has cardio protective function.
Studies have demonstrated that rutin can help to stop venous edema, which is an early sign of chronic venous disease of the leg. Hence it may help in varicosity of vein.
Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is a fatty acid that has antifungal properties.
Scopoletin
Scopoletin exhibits a cholesterol lowering effect and vasodilating properties. Hence it helps in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and prevention of CAD.
Cyclooxygenase and 5 - lipoxygenase have been found to cause inflammation and pain. Scopoletin has demonstrated inhibitory effects on these mediators. Hence Noni has anti inflammatory and analgesic activity.
Scopoletin has shown to have anit-spasmolytic activity on the uterus and small intestine, therefore being beneficial in menstrual cramping and irritable bowel conditions.
Scopoletin has bacteriostatic activity against various species of bacteria, including Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ursolic acid
Ursolic acid has anti fungal property. It inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and Microsporium lenosum. Ursolic acid has anti-inflammatory properties and is used in ointments to treat burns.
Noni works as Cancer-Inhibitor
Noni’s effect on cancer most likely deals with the fact that both Noni and cancer work on a cellular level. In other words, Noni enhances cellular structure while cancer, of course, destroys it. One of Noni’s key components, proxeronine, is sent to “sick” cells within the body by the Golgi apparatus and reticuloendothelium. These sick cells attract Proxeronine and an enzyme, Proxeroninease. The interaction creates Xeronine, the cellular enhancer. Several other studies have been performed in laboratories in order to validate Morinda citrifolia’s cancer-fighting abilities.
In one such study, four Japanese scientists injected RAS cells (cells that are precursors to many malignant growths) with a substance called Damnacanthal found in Morinda citrifolia. They observed that the injection significantly inhibited the RAS cells from reproducing. Proxeronine and Damnacanthal are substances within Morinda citrifolia that are believed to be anti-cancer agents.
Role of Noni in Diabetes
ROLE OF NONI IN DIABETES
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Major Types of Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes is classified into two types:
Type 1. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM): It is also called as type I diabetes.
Type 2. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM): It is also called as type II diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from the body's failure to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from insulin resistance (a condition in which the body fails to properly use insulin), combined with relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.
For all types of diabetes, the metabolism of carbohydrates (including sugars such as glucose), proteins, and fats is altered
Diabetes is classified into two types:
Type 1. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM): It is also called as type I diabetes.
Type 2. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM): It is also called as type II diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from the body's failure to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from insulin resistance (a condition in which the body fails to properly use insulin), combined with relative insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.
For all types of diabetes, the metabolism of carbohydrates (including sugars such as glucose), proteins, and fats is altered
Cause of diabetes
In Type 1 diabetes the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, causing a severe lack of insulin. This is thought to be the result of the body attacking and destroying its own cells in the pancreas - known as an autoimmune reaction.
It's not clear why this happens, but a number of explanations and possible triggers of this reaction have been proposed.
These include:
infection with a specific virus or bacteria;
exposure to food-borne chemical toxins; and
exposure as a very young infant to cow's milk, where an as yet unidentified component of this triggers the autoimmune reaction in the body.
However, these are only hypotheses and are by no means proven causes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to develop when the receptors on cells in the body that normally respond to the action of insulin fail to be stimulated by it - this is known as insulin resistance. In response to this more insulin may be produced, and this over-production exhausts the insulin-manufacturing cells in the pancreas; there is simply insufficient insulin available; and the insulin that is available may be abnormal and therefore doesn't work properly.
The following risk factors increase the chances of someone developing Type 2 diabetes:
Increasing age;
obesity; and
physical inactivity.
Rarer causes of diabetes include:
Certain medicines;
pregnancy (gestational diabetes); and
any illness or disease that damages the pancreas and affects its ability to produce insulin e.g. pancreatitis.
In Type 1 diabetes the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed, causing a severe lack of insulin. This is thought to be the result of the body attacking and destroying its own cells in the pancreas - known as an autoimmune reaction.It's not clear why this happens, but a number of explanations and possible triggers of this reaction have been proposed.
These include:
infection with a specific virus or bacteria;
exposure to food-borne chemical toxins; and
exposure as a very young infant to cow's milk, where an as yet unidentified component of this triggers the autoimmune reaction in the body.
However, these are only hypotheses and are by no means proven causes.
Type 2 diabetes is believed to develop when the receptors on cells in the body that normally respond to the action of insulin fail to be stimulated by it - this is known as insulin resistance. In response to this more insulin may be produced, and this over-production exhausts the insulin-manufacturing cells in the pancreas; there is simply insufficient insulin available; and the insulin that is available may be abnormal and therefore doesn't work properly.The following risk factors increase the chances of someone developing Type 2 diabetes:
Increasing age;
obesity; and
physical inactivity.
Rarer causes of diabetes include:
Certain medicines;
pregnancy (gestational diabetes); and
any illness or disease that damages the pancreas and affects its ability to produce insulin e.g. pancreatitis.
What doesn't cause diabetes
Eating sweets or the wrong kind of food does not cause diabetes. However, it may cause obesity and this is associated with people developing Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is not contagious. Someone with diabetes cannot pass it on to anyone else.
Symptoms of Diabetes
Increased thirst (Polydipsia)
Increased urination (Polyuria)
Increased appetite (Polyphagia)
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Fatigue (severe weak ness)
Absence of menstruation
Blurred vision
Frequent or slow-healing infections
Erectile dysfunction
Itching of skin
Complications of Diabetes are:Immediate complications: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and coma. It is an important and serious complication which occurs especially in IDDM.
Late complications are Myocardial infarction and stroke:
They occur due to atherosclerotic changes in cerebral and coronary blood vessels
Diabetic retinopathy which may lead to irreversible blindness.
Diabetic cataract due to damage and changes in lens protein.
Diabetic retinopathy due to damage of the kidney. It is characterized by proteinuria, hypertension and oedema.
Peripheral neuritis manifesting as loss of sensation and tingling.
Diabetic gangrene caused by atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels, which lead to decreased blood supply.
Skin lesions such as boils, ulcers and carbuncles. Ulcers of foot are very common which should be taken care of. Otherwise it may progress to loss of limb.
Pulmonary tuberculosis: Diabetic patients are susceptible to pulmonary
Eating sweets or the wrong kind of food does not cause diabetes. However, it may cause obesity and this is associated with people developing Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is not contagious. Someone with diabetes cannot pass it on to anyone else.
Symptoms of Diabetes
Increased thirst (Polydipsia)
Increased urination (Polyuria)
Increased appetite (Polyphagia)
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Fatigue (severe weak ness)
Absence of menstruation
Blurred vision
Frequent or slow-healing infections
Erectile dysfunction
Itching of skin
Complications of Diabetes are:Immediate complications: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and coma. It is an important and serious complication which occurs especially in IDDM.
Late complications are Myocardial infarction and stroke:
They occur due to atherosclerotic changes in cerebral and coronary blood vessels
Diabetic retinopathy which may lead to irreversible blindness.
Diabetic cataract due to damage and changes in lens protein.
Diabetic retinopathy due to damage of the kidney. It is characterized by proteinuria, hypertension and oedema.
Peripheral neuritis manifesting as loss of sensation and tingling.
Diabetic gangrene caused by atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels, which lead to decreased blood supply.
Skin lesions such as boils, ulcers and carbuncles. Ulcers of foot are very common which should be taken care of. Otherwise it may progress to loss of limb.
Pulmonary tuberculosis: Diabetic patients are susceptible to pulmonary
General management and Treatment of diabetes included as
Diet and weight control
Meal planning includes choosing healthy foods, eating the right amount of food, and eating meals at the right time. You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your specific meal plans need to be tailored to your food habits and preferences.
Managing your weight and eating a well-balanced diet are important. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop medications after intentional weight loss, although the diabetes is still present.
Regular physical activity
Regular exercise is important for everyone, but especially if you have diabetes. Regular exercise helps control the amount of glucose in the blood. It also helps burn excess calories and fat so you can manage your weight. Exercise improves overall health by improving blood flow and blood pressure. It decreases insulin resistance even without weight loss. Exercise also increases the body's energy level, lowers tension, and improves your ability to handle stress
Education:The diabetic patient needs to be educated about change in life-style, diet, exercise and drugs. He should be taught how to monitor blood and urine glucose
Medication
When diet and exercise do not help maintain normal or near-normal blood glucose levels your doctor may prescribe medication
InsulinOral ant diabetic drugs
Diet and weight control
Meal planning includes choosing healthy foods, eating the right amount of food, and eating meals at the right time. You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your specific meal plans need to be tailored to your food habits and preferences.Managing your weight and eating a well-balanced diet are important. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop medications after intentional weight loss, although the diabetes is still present.
Regular physical activity
Regular exercise is important for everyone, but especially if you have diabetes. Regular exercise helps control the amount of glucose in the blood. It also helps burn excess calories and fat so you can manage your weight. Exercise improves overall health by improving blood flow and blood pressure. It decreases insulin resistance even without weight loss. Exercise also increases the body's energy level, lowers tension, and improves your ability to handle stressEducation:The diabetic patient needs to be educated about change in life-style, diet, exercise and drugs. He should be taught how to monitor blood and urine glucose
Medication
When diet and exercise do not help maintain normal or near-normal blood glucose levels your doctor may prescribe medication
InsulinOral ant diabetic drugs
ROLE OF NONI
For thousands of years Morinda citrifolia, a fruit bearing plant commonly known as Noni, has been used in an effort to battle a wide array of health challenges. In recent years, the health-enhancing properties of this plant have been harnessed and made available for the benefit of people.
This miracle from paradise has been described as one of the most important health discoveries of the twentieth century. Noni has earned this praise through its powerful ability to help with a variety of health conditions and act as a natural immune system booster.
Thousands of people worldwide have attributed improvements in their health to the tremendous and often life-saving benefits found in Noni. Recent scientific research in both clinical and laboratory settings validate the efficacy of this ancient fruit. In addition, doctors and health care professionals around the world are praising Noni as their patients win battles against chronic conditions many have suffered from for years.
The role of immune system in diabetesResearch has shown that if the immune system starts to turn on itself - perhaps the result of an autoimmune disorder - it may cause a complete obliteration of the pancreas’ beta cells or at least a reduction in the number of functioning beta cells. This then affects the amount and purity and effectiveness of the body’s insulin. However, if the immune system is able to ward off an attack, the integrity of the body’s insulin will be maintained.
More refined tests now make it possible to detect faulty immune antibodies in the blood well in advance of a person showing symptoms of diabetes. In some adults, these destructive antibodies may be present years before diabetic symptoms appear. This lag time is known as the “prediabetic stage.”
Noni controls diabetesOne such health challenge that many have found Noni to help with is diabetes. Doctors and researchers suggest that Noni has the ability to help strengthen the immune system which, in turn, can help the body maintain strong insulin levels. As a result, many Type I and II diabetics have finally found relief from this often deadly disease in the form of Noni.
Many of the effects of diabetes can be controlled. While there is no cure for the disease, studies show that by keeping one’s blood sugar as close to normal as possible significantly reduces diabetes’ long-term complications.
What way Noni HELP IN DIABETES
The miracle of Xeronine - Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni in the presence of insulin activate the peripheral cell membrane insulin receptors and helps for the normal intracellular absorption of glucose as well as corrects the intracellular post receptor defect of the action of insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and thus prevents the insulin resistance condition in diabetes cases.
Noni the cell-rejuvenator - Noni is believed to fortify and maintain the cell structure; this can be accomplished by Noni acting as an adaptogen that can aid “sick” cells in repairing themselves. Xeronine and other nutraceuticals present in Noni may convert the abnormal inactive insulin molecule present in type 2 diabetes mellitus to an active form by modifying its cell rigidity and functional level to maintain its normal function of carbohydrate metabolism in our body.
For thousands of years Morinda citrifolia, a fruit bearing plant commonly known as Noni, has been used in an effort to battle a wide array of health challenges. In recent years, the health-enhancing properties of this plant have been harnessed and made available for the benefit of people.
This miracle from paradise has been described as one of the most important health discoveries of the twentieth century. Noni has earned this praise through its powerful ability to help with a variety of health conditions and act as a natural immune system booster.
Thousands of people worldwide have attributed improvements in their health to the tremendous and often life-saving benefits found in Noni. Recent scientific research in both clinical and laboratory settings validate the efficacy of this ancient fruit. In addition, doctors and health care professionals around the world are praising Noni as their patients win battles against chronic conditions many have suffered from for years.
The role of immune system in diabetesResearch has shown that if the immune system starts to turn on itself - perhaps the result of an autoimmune disorder - it may cause a complete obliteration of the pancreas’ beta cells or at least a reduction in the number of functioning beta cells. This then affects the amount and purity and effectiveness of the body’s insulin. However, if the immune system is able to ward off an attack, the integrity of the body’s insulin will be maintained.
More refined tests now make it possible to detect faulty immune antibodies in the blood well in advance of a person showing symptoms of diabetes. In some adults, these destructive antibodies may be present years before diabetic symptoms appear. This lag time is known as the “prediabetic stage.”
Noni controls diabetesOne such health challenge that many have found Noni to help with is diabetes. Doctors and researchers suggest that Noni has the ability to help strengthen the immune system which, in turn, can help the body maintain strong insulin levels. As a result, many Type I and II diabetics have finally found relief from this often deadly disease in the form of Noni.
Many of the effects of diabetes can be controlled. While there is no cure for the disease, studies show that by keeping one’s blood sugar as close to normal as possible significantly reduces diabetes’ long-term complications.
What way Noni HELP IN DIABETES
The miracle of Xeronine - Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni in the presence of insulin activate the peripheral cell membrane insulin receptors and helps for the normal intracellular absorption of glucose as well as corrects the intracellular post receptor defect of the action of insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and thus prevents the insulin resistance condition in diabetes cases.
Noni the cell-rejuvenator - Noni is believed to fortify and maintain the cell structure; this can be accomplished by Noni acting as an adaptogen that can aid “sick” cells in repairing themselves. Xeronine and other nutraceuticals present in Noni may convert the abnormal inactive insulin molecule present in type 2 diabetes mellitus to an active form by modifying its cell rigidity and functional level to maintain its normal function of carbohydrate metabolism in our body.
Noni works as a ‘Healthy, Immune System Promoter - One of the Noni’s effects is on the pancreas and immune system. Current studies have revealed that Noni may help promote a healthy immune system or by either enhancing an already functioning system or by stimulating a sluggish one. Noni activating our body immune system may improve the non functioning beta cells of the pancreas to an active form to produce the normal insulin from the beta cells and also maintain a normal insulin level in the blood to the response of the carbohydrate diet.
Low Glycemic Index – A 3:1 ratio of carbohydrates to fiber in Noni juice helps balance blood glucose level. Glycemic index refers to a method of classification by which a number is assigned to foods based on how they affect blood sugar levels. Foods that contain the same amount of total carbohydrate may have a different glycemic index. For example kidney beans increase blood sugar levels more significantly than Soya beans, because of its higher glycemic value. Noni has a very low glycemic index and hence it reduces the risk of chronic conditions of diabetics
Noni might have the role by modifying our body immune system keeps the sensitivity of beta cells of the pancreas intact to produce an adequate amount of insulin in response to elevated blood glucose level by keeping and maintaining the balance of release of the neuro-endocrine signals of the brain.
Noni may help the diabetic complications like care of diabetic gangrene by its powerful healing effects and also helps diabetic poly neuropathy symptoms by providing number essential micronutrients, vitamins, essential minerals and amino acids that it contains.
Noni may also help relieve diabetic complications through its ability to stimulate the body’s production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide and Scopoletin one ingredient in noni helps also reduce the diabetic hypertension. Both may also be important factors in decreasing symptoms such as poor circulation and vision problems.
Low Glycemic Index – A 3:1 ratio of carbohydrates to fiber in Noni juice helps balance blood glucose level. Glycemic index refers to a method of classification by which a number is assigned to foods based on how they affect blood sugar levels. Foods that contain the same amount of total carbohydrate may have a different glycemic index. For example kidney beans increase blood sugar levels more significantly than Soya beans, because of its higher glycemic value. Noni has a very low glycemic index and hence it reduces the risk of chronic conditions of diabetics
Noni might have the role by modifying our body immune system keeps the sensitivity of beta cells of the pancreas intact to produce an adequate amount of insulin in response to elevated blood glucose level by keeping and maintaining the balance of release of the neuro-endocrine signals of the brain.
Noni may help the diabetic complications like care of diabetic gangrene by its powerful healing effects and also helps diabetic poly neuropathy symptoms by providing number essential micronutrients, vitamins, essential minerals and amino acids that it contains.
Noni may also help relieve diabetic complications through its ability to stimulate the body’s production of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide and Scopoletin one ingredient in noni helps also reduce the diabetic hypertension. Both may also be important factors in decreasing symptoms such as poor circulation and vision problems.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer
ROLE OF NONI IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Diabetics are prone to foot ulcerations due to both neurologic and vascular complications. Peripheral neuropathy can cause altered or complete loss of sensation in the foot or leg. The diabetic with advanced neuropathy looses all sharp-dull discrimination. Any cuts or trauma to the foot can go completely unnoticed for days or weeks in a patient with neuropathy. It's not uncommon to have a patient with neuropathy tell you that the ulcer "just appeared" when, in fact, the ulcer has been present for quite some time. The charcot foot deformity occurs as a result of decreased sensation. People with "normal" feeling in their feet automatically determine when too much pressure is being placed on an area of the foot. Once identified, our bodies instinctively shift position to relieve this stress. A patient with advanced neuropathy looses this important mechanism. As a result, tissue ischemia and necrosis may occur leading to plantar ulcerations. Microfractures in the bones of the foot go unnoticed and untreated, resulting in disfigurement, chronic swelling and additional bony prominences.
The most frequent underlying etiologies of diabetes foot ulcers are neuropathy, trauma, deformity, high plantar pressures, and peripheral arterial disease. Other factors in ulceration are ischemia, callus formation, and edema. Although infection is rarely implicated in the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers, the ulcers are susceptible to infection once the wound is present. Many of the risk factors for foot ulcer are also predisposing factors for amputation, because ulcers are primary causes leading to amputation.
Noni in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Noni is rich with amino acids. Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni enhances the enzyme activity and protein structure. Therefore it helps for tissue repairing and wound healing associated with diabetic gangrene.
Noni stimulates the body’s production of nitric oxide, a chemical which allows the blood vessels to dilate more easily and be more elastic. In other words it acts as a vaso dilator. The foot ulcer due to peripheral ischaemic condition can be controlled by Noni as it stimulates the body’s production of nitric oxide that act like a vaso dilator. White blood cells in the body use nitric oxide to kill infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. Hence nitric oxide present in Noni also helps to prevent infection in case diabetes foot sores.
Scopoletin present in Noni have a wide potential action. It acts like a vasodilator as well as having anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties and thus helps in healing of the foot ulcers.
Acubin, L-asperuloside, and alizarin in the Noni fruit, as well as some other anthraquinone compounds in Noni, are all proven antibacterial agents. These compounds have been shown to fight against infectious bacteria strains such as, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Baciillis subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigela etc. These antibacterial elements within Noni help to control of the infections associated with diabetes ulcer.
Diabetics are prone to foot ulcerations due to both neurologic and vascular complications. Peripheral neuropathy can cause altered or complete loss of sensation in the foot or leg. The diabetic with advanced neuropathy looses all sharp-dull discrimination. Any cuts or trauma to the foot can go completely unnoticed for days or weeks in a patient with neuropathy. It's not uncommon to have a patient with neuropathy tell you that the ulcer "just appeared" when, in fact, the ulcer has been present for quite some time. The charcot foot deformity occurs as a result of decreased sensation. People with "normal" feeling in their feet automatically determine when too much pressure is being placed on an area of the foot. Once identified, our bodies instinctively shift position to relieve this stress. A patient with advanced neuropathy looses this important mechanism. As a result, tissue ischemia and necrosis may occur leading to plantar ulcerations. Microfractures in the bones of the foot go unnoticed and untreated, resulting in disfigurement, chronic swelling and additional bony prominences.
The most frequent underlying etiologies of diabetes foot ulcers are neuropathy, trauma, deformity, high plantar pressures, and peripheral arterial disease. Other factors in ulceration are ischemia, callus formation, and edema. Although infection is rarely implicated in the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers, the ulcers are susceptible to infection once the wound is present. Many of the risk factors for foot ulcer are also predisposing factors for amputation, because ulcers are primary causes leading to amputation.Noni in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Noni is rich with amino acids. Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni enhances the enzyme activity and protein structure. Therefore it helps for tissue repairing and wound healing associated with diabetic gangrene.
Noni stimulates the body’s production of nitric oxide, a chemical which allows the blood vessels to dilate more easily and be more elastic. In other words it acts as a vaso dilator. The foot ulcer due to peripheral ischaemic condition can be controlled by Noni as it stimulates the body’s production of nitric oxide that act like a vaso dilator. White blood cells in the body use nitric oxide to kill infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. Hence nitric oxide present in Noni also helps to prevent infection in case diabetes foot sores.
Scopoletin present in Noni have a wide potential action. It acts like a vasodilator as well as having anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal properties and thus helps in healing of the foot ulcers.
Acubin, L-asperuloside, and alizarin in the Noni fruit, as well as some other anthraquinone compounds in Noni, are all proven antibacterial agents. These compounds have been shown to fight against infectious bacteria strains such as, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Baciillis subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigela etc. These antibacterial elements within Noni help to control of the infections associated with diabetes ulcer.
Noni controls diabetes –
Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni in the presence of insulin activate the peripheral cell membrane insulin receptors and helps for the normal intracellular absorption of glucose as well as corrects the intracellular post receptor defect of the action of insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and thus prevents the insulin resistance condition in Type – II Diabetes Mellitus condition.
Noni works as a ‘Healthy, Immune System Promoter –
Current studies have revealed that Noni may help promote a healthy immune system either by enhancing an already functioning system or by stimulating a sluggish one. Noni activating our body immune system may improve the non functioning beta cells of the pancreas to an active form to produce the normal insulin from the beta cells and also maintain a normal insulin level in the blood to the response of the carbohydrate diet.
Low Glycemic Index –
A 3:1 ratio of carbohydrates to fiber in Noni juice helps balance blood glucose level. With the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer the blood sugar should be within the normal range.
The body immunity power also has a major role in the healing process of diabetes foot ulcer. Noni boosts the body’s cell mediated immunity. It stimulate the thymus gland to secrets more T cells and thus increases the cells immunity.
Noni is rich with all major and micronutrients. It is a complete food supplements and provides all the essential nutrients to your body i.e. to your cells. Hence it is a cellular nutrition.
Xeronine, the alkaloid of Noni in the presence of insulin activate the peripheral cell membrane insulin receptors and helps for the normal intracellular absorption of glucose as well as corrects the intracellular post receptor defect of the action of insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and thus prevents the insulin resistance condition in Type – II Diabetes Mellitus condition.Noni works as a ‘Healthy, Immune System Promoter –
Current studies have revealed that Noni may help promote a healthy immune system either by enhancing an already functioning system or by stimulating a sluggish one. Noni activating our body immune system may improve the non functioning beta cells of the pancreas to an active form to produce the normal insulin from the beta cells and also maintain a normal insulin level in the blood to the response of the carbohydrate diet.
Low Glycemic Index –
A 3:1 ratio of carbohydrates to fiber in Noni juice helps balance blood glucose level. With the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer the blood sugar should be within the normal range.
The body immunity power also has a major role in the healing process of diabetes foot ulcer. Noni boosts the body’s cell mediated immunity. It stimulate the thymus gland to secrets more T cells and thus increases the cells immunity.
Noni is rich with all major and micronutrients. It is a complete food supplements and provides all the essential nutrients to your body i.e. to your cells. Hence it is a cellular nutrition.
Noni Scientific Studies
Xeronine and Cell Regeneration
Dr. Ralph Heinicke
As a researcher in Hawaii, Dr. Ralph Heinicke became aware of the marvelous benefits of the Noni fruit and set out to find the pharmacologically active ingredient of the Noni. Dr. Heinicke had spent over 45 years studying the effects of an alkaloid he discovered and named xeronine. Xeronine is a relatively small alkaloid which is physiologically very active and important for the proper functioning of all cells in the body. In his research, Dr. Heinicke discovered that the Noni juice contains appreciable amounts of the precursor of xeronine that he named "pro-xeronine". Pro-xeronine releases pure xeronine in the intestines when it comes in contact with a particular enzyme also found in the Noni Juice.
Dr. Heinicke's theory is that, when released, xeronine actually works at the molecular level to repair damaged cells. Dr. Heinicke states that the primary function of xeronine is to regulate the rigidity and shape of specific proteins. Since these proteins have different functions within the cells, this explains how the administration of Noni Juice causes an unbelievably wide range of physiological responses.
"Some of the problems which drinking Noni Juice might favorably affect are: high blood pressure, menstrual cramps, arthritis, gastric ulcers, sprains, injuries, mental depression, senility, poor digestion, atherosclerosis, blood vessel problems, drug addiction, pain, and many others. Although this list looks like a page torn out of a traveling medicine man's manual, it is probably conservative."
-Dr. Heinicke.
-Dr. Heinicke.
When Ralph M. Heinicke received his doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Minnesota, he wanted to escape from those cold Minnesota winters and so he took a job with Dole Pineapple Company in Hawaii. His first assignment was to develop a method to extract the enzyme that caused pineapple to prevent gelatin deserts from setting up. He found it was an enzyme called bromelain and in due time he and his coworkers found a way to extract it. Soon the Dole Company found that every day they had over a thousand pounds of this crude bromelain enzyme extract left over as a waste product. At the time it had no commercial value, and so the company president asked Dr. Heinicke to see if he could find some use for this material. Eventually he found it was a proteolytic enzyme that had some medical applications. He worked with Smith-Kline and the Rohr pharmaceutical companies to expand its medical use.
In order to get FDA approval for this enzyme he had to refine the crude bromelain extract down to an extremely pure protease enzyme. Much to his and the drug companies amazement, the more pure the enzyme became, the less beneficial it was in many of its applications. Eventually, in its purest state, it had only 5% of its original potency for many of its uses. Dr. Heinicke was then asked to find what it was they were removing, that had given the crude bromelain extract all of its power. Meanwhile, the giant Japanese drug company Toshiba had also launched a 3 year, 3 million dollar program, to find the same answer. At the end of that time they had used up all their money and not found the answer. Not one to give up easily, Dr. Heinicke continued his research and eventually found to his great surprise that the active ingredient was not a protein, carbohydrate or fat, but a substance known as an alkaloid.
Alkaloids are one of the most important classes of phytochemicals known, and a major source from which many modern medicines are drawn. By isolating this alkaloid into a pure state, he was able to identify its exact chemical structure. Because it could be reduced to a dry crystalline structure he decided to use the latin prefix "Xero" meaning "dry" as the first part of its name. Since it was also an alkaline compound, he tacked on the suffix "ine", indicating its alkaline nature. This gives us the word "xeronine", which means "a dry alkaline compound".
Eventually he found that xeronine was a very important biochemical in the human body and essential for good health. The human body has a limited ability to manufacture xeronine from the raw material found in certain fruits. Like with many other biochemicals produced in the body, he found that positive thoughts and emotions, along with exposure to art, music, nature and spiritual experiences, increased its production. While negative thoughts, emotions and stressful experiences suppressed its production. He also learned that as the body's level of xeronine declined with age, stress and a poor diet, the level of health and recovery declined right along with it.
Proving The Essential Nature Of xeronine
Being a scientist, Dr. Heinicke knew that he would have to find a way to prove the essential nature of this amazing alkaloid before he or anyone else could really believe this was essential to good health. During the course of his research through the scientific literature for compounds similar to xeronine, he located one that had a chemical structure that was extremely close.
This chemical cousin is called tetrodotoxin and is the most potent neurotoxic poison known to man. It is a potent alkaloid found in the Puffer Fish. When Dr. Heinicke discovered this fact he realized that here was a way to determine for sure whether the xeronine he had isolated from the pineapple was essential to human health or not. You see, the only reason the body takes up certain toxic chemical substances is because they chemically mimic one the body must normally have. For example, morphine is addictive to the brain only because it chemically mimics natural chemicals of the brain called endorphines and are taken up by the same receptors in the brain. Realizing this Dr. Heinicke reasoned that tetrodotoxin must mimic xeronine. If this were true, Dr. Heinicke realized that the presence of xeronine in the tissues would block the uptake of the poisonous tetrodotoxin and prevent its lethal effect.
An Important Groundbreaking Experiment!
In a groundbreaking experiment Dr. Heinicke proved the tetrodotoxin is accepted by the body only when xeronine was missing. He did this by taking 30 laboratory mice and dividing them into 3 groups of 10 each. He gave an injection of the tetrodotoxin to one group and they all immediately died. Next he gave an injection of an equivalent amount of xeronine to the second group and of course they all lived. Finally he mixed together the amounts of tetrodotoxin and xeronine he had used with the other 2 groups of mice and injected the third group of mice. Not only did all 10 of these mice live, but unlike mice would normally do who have received an intestinal injection, they did not curl up in the wood shavings to recover when placed back in their cages. Instead these mice were alert, energetic, curious and active. Yet these mice had justreceived a lethal dose of the most powerful neurotoxin known to man. This experiment had proven that xeronine is an essential biochemical of good health, and a natural constituent of the body. Because of this, xeronine had been preferentially taken up by the nerve tissue, totally blocking out the highly poisonous tetrodotoxin, and provided not only protection, but exceptionally good health and vigor as well.
In order to get FDA approval for this enzyme he had to refine the crude bromelain extract down to an extremely pure protease enzyme. Much to his and the drug companies amazement, the more pure the enzyme became, the less beneficial it was in many of its applications. Eventually, in its purest state, it had only 5% of its original potency for many of its uses. Dr. Heinicke was then asked to find what it was they were removing, that had given the crude bromelain extract all of its power. Meanwhile, the giant Japanese drug company Toshiba had also launched a 3 year, 3 million dollar program, to find the same answer. At the end of that time they had used up all their money and not found the answer. Not one to give up easily, Dr. Heinicke continued his research and eventually found to his great surprise that the active ingredient was not a protein, carbohydrate or fat, but a substance known as an alkaloid.
Alkaloids are one of the most important classes of phytochemicals known, and a major source from which many modern medicines are drawn. By isolating this alkaloid into a pure state, he was able to identify its exact chemical structure. Because it could be reduced to a dry crystalline structure he decided to use the latin prefix "Xero" meaning "dry" as the first part of its name. Since it was also an alkaline compound, he tacked on the suffix "ine", indicating its alkaline nature. This gives us the word "xeronine", which means "a dry alkaline compound".
Eventually he found that xeronine was a very important biochemical in the human body and essential for good health. The human body has a limited ability to manufacture xeronine from the raw material found in certain fruits. Like with many other biochemicals produced in the body, he found that positive thoughts and emotions, along with exposure to art, music, nature and spiritual experiences, increased its production. While negative thoughts, emotions and stressful experiences suppressed its production. He also learned that as the body's level of xeronine declined with age, stress and a poor diet, the level of health and recovery declined right along with it.
Proving The Essential Nature Of xeronine
Being a scientist, Dr. Heinicke knew that he would have to find a way to prove the essential nature of this amazing alkaloid before he or anyone else could really believe this was essential to good health. During the course of his research through the scientific literature for compounds similar to xeronine, he located one that had a chemical structure that was extremely close.
This chemical cousin is called tetrodotoxin and is the most potent neurotoxic poison known to man. It is a potent alkaloid found in the Puffer Fish. When Dr. Heinicke discovered this fact he realized that here was a way to determine for sure whether the xeronine he had isolated from the pineapple was essential to human health or not. You see, the only reason the body takes up certain toxic chemical substances is because they chemically mimic one the body must normally have. For example, morphine is addictive to the brain only because it chemically mimics natural chemicals of the brain called endorphines and are taken up by the same receptors in the brain. Realizing this Dr. Heinicke reasoned that tetrodotoxin must mimic xeronine. If this were true, Dr. Heinicke realized that the presence of xeronine in the tissues would block the uptake of the poisonous tetrodotoxin and prevent its lethal effect.
An Important Groundbreaking Experiment!
In a groundbreaking experiment Dr. Heinicke proved the tetrodotoxin is accepted by the body only when xeronine was missing. He did this by taking 30 laboratory mice and dividing them into 3 groups of 10 each. He gave an injection of the tetrodotoxin to one group and they all immediately died. Next he gave an injection of an equivalent amount of xeronine to the second group and of course they all lived. Finally he mixed together the amounts of tetrodotoxin and xeronine he had used with the other 2 groups of mice and injected the third group of mice. Not only did all 10 of these mice live, but unlike mice would normally do who have received an intestinal injection, they did not curl up in the wood shavings to recover when placed back in their cages. Instead these mice were alert, energetic, curious and active. Yet these mice had justreceived a lethal dose of the most powerful neurotoxin known to man. This experiment had proven that xeronine is an essential biochemical of good health, and a natural constituent of the body. Because of this, xeronine had been preferentially taken up by the nerve tissue, totally blocking out the highly poisonous tetrodotoxin, and provided not only protection, but exceptionally good health and vigor as well.
Noni works as Safe Pain Reliever
Scientists only recently have discovered that there are actually two COX enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. Research shows that in the body, the COX-2 enzyme is largely responsible for causing pain and inflammation. Injury, disease, and trauma cause COX-2 enzymes to produce prosta-glandins, which cause pain and inflammation. In contrast to the COX-2 enzyme, the COX-1 enzyme is responsible for protecting the body’s stomach lining and kidneys. COX-1 enzymes continually produce protective prosta-glandins.
When taken over long period of time, traditional medication for chronic pain and inflammation by way of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Aspirin and Ibuprofen, inhibit the enzymatic activity of both COX-1 and COX-2. This inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme reduces the prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation throughout the body, but over time, it also restrains the COX-1 enzyme from producing the prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining. This can result in major problems, such as ulcers and colitis, in the body’s digestive system.The discovery of COX-2 created a frenzy in the pharmaceutical world- everyone wanted to find a substance that would inhibit COX-2 without harming the body’s production of COX-1. Exciting scientific findings from carefully conducted research done in an independent laboratory show that Noni selectively inhibits the COX-2 enzyme while allowing the COX-1 enzyme to continue functioning. Some scientists believe that a selective COX-2 inhibitor could help with menstrual pain and help prevent cancers of the colon, esophagus, skin, and bladder. Even those who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s may benefit from a selective COX-2 inhibitor.
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