- Noni has anti tumor activity by stimulating immune factors like TNF, NK cells etc. to attack the tumor. Noni can be used as an immune supplemental therapeutic agent with any cancer therapy.
- Noni has anti-angiogenesis effect on tumor hence inhibit tumor development.
- Noni Prevents DNA adducts formation. Hence protect the cell from converting to cancer. Hence Noni can be used for primary and secondary prevention for cancer.
- In vitro study shows that the Damnacanthal, one phytochemical present in Noni have anti-carcinogenic effect.
- Noni ppt = Noni Polysaccharides - This polysaccharide is made up of 4 sugars (glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). It has immune modulatory effects.
- The Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a system which eliminates carcinogens. Limonene, present in Noni juice seems to promote the GST system in the liver and small bowel, thereby decreasing the damaging effects of carcinogens. Animal studies demonstrated that dietary limonene reduced mammary tumour growth.
- All types of cancer, irrespective of which organ they start in, spread by the same means: they use biological cutting tools (enzymes) that are capable of cutting through the surrounding collagen connective tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the enzyme have been identified as key players in tumor invasion and metastasis. Excessive MMPs secretion has been regarded as an index of malignancy which leads to the degradation of extra cellular matrix. Current treatments protocols with chemotherapy and /or radiation although beneficial, are toxic and have the potential to destroy healthy cells as well. Our approach has been to develop strategies to inhibit cancer development, progression and metastasis using naturally occurring nutrients, which are relatively non-toxic. Lysine and proline are building blocks of collagen fibers that stabilize connective tissue by inhibiting the enzymatic digestion of collagen fibers. Vitamin C is essential for production of collagen and acts as a powerful antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and thereby protects cells from damage. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant and anticancerogenic properties. It prevent cancer cell invasion by inhibiting MMPs. The natural amino acid lysine, especially in combination with vitamin C and other selected cellular nutrients, is capable of blocking this ‘collagen digestion’. Thus we have a biological mechanism that can prevent the spread of cancer cells - and therefore cancer itself. It is postulated that the combination of these nutrients would exert a very potent synergistic anticancer activity. Noni contain the above two amino acids lysine and praline. Noni is rich with vitamin C. Noni contain the phytochemicals Epigallocatehin gallate (EGCG). Hence Noni should help to prevent the cancer tumor invasion and metastasis.
- Limonene, the phytochemicals present in Noni increases the levels of liver enzymes involved in detoxifying carcinogens.
- Cancer chemoprevention involves prevention, delay, or reversal of the process of carcinogenesis through ingestion of dietary or pharmaceutical agents. Recent advances that have defined the cellular and molecular events associated with carcinogenesis, along with a growing body of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical trial data, provide a foundation for relatively new startegies of cancer prevention. One such strategy involves suppression of carcinogen metabolic activation or blocking the formation of ultimate carcinogens. In particular, the induction of phase II enzymes can offer protection against toxic and reactive chemical species. Many recent studies have shown that elevatio of phase II enzymes, such as NAD (P) H: quinone reductase (QR) and GST, correlates with protection against chemical - induced carcinogenesis in animal models, in the stage of promotion as well as initiation. Noni fruits contain an extremely potent quinone reductase inducer, 2 - methoxy - 1, b, 6 - trihydroxyanthraquinone. This new anthraquinone was nearly 40 times more potent than all.
Glycosides
- Noni contain many glycosides - Glycosides are compounds containing a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate residue in the same molecule. The non-sugar component is known as the AGLYCONE. The sugar component is called the GLYCONE. If the glycone group of a glycoside is glucose, then the molecule is a glucoside; if it is fructose, then the molecule is a fructoside; if its is glucuronic acid, then the molecule is a glucuronide; etc. In the body, toxic substances are often bonded to glucuronic acid to increase their water solubility; the resulting glucuronides are then excreted. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Asperuloside is a glycoside. Traditionally, this glycoside has been used for diurises (reducing water retention), treating inflammation and varicose veins and phlebitis. Research has indicated that it is anticlastogenic (that is, prevents the breakage of chromosomes). As a result, it anti-mutagenic or resist mutation within the cell’s DNA.
Three new glycosides were isolated from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit. They are;
1. 6-O- (beta-D-glucopyranosy) -1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose,
2. 6-O- (beta-D-glucopyranosy) -1-O-hexanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose,
3. 3-methylbut-3-enyl 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Cholesterol synthesis inhibition
Noni juice shows a positive dose response and inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Associate Professor Dr David Leach (Southern Cross University) says “The in vitro findings are encouraging, and it is work we would like to repeat”.
Noni reduces the production SGPT and SDH in Liver.
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT): An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGPT levels.
Enzymatic assays SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase) concentrations are used in some medical laboratories as a tool for detecting liver damage. The enzyme SDH is mainly localized in the liver and normally there is very little sorbitol dehydrogenase present in the blood. Therefore, increased levels in blood serum samples are indicative of liver cell damage and are diagnostic evidence of liver diseases, particularly acute hepatitis. Noni reduces the production SGPT and SDH in Liver and heart cells. Hence noni good hepatoprotective function.
The phytochemicals present in Noni: Rutin
Rutin, one phytochemicals has also the property to chelate metal ions, such as iron. Hence Noni can helpful in thalassemia codition.
Rutin also seems to stabilize vitamin C. If rutin is taken together with vitamin C, the activity of ascorbic will be intensified.
Rutin is important because it strengthens capillaries and can help people who bruise or bleed easily. Rutin may help to prevent atherosclerotic plaques inside the arteries and thus has cardio protective function.
Studies have demonstrated that rutin can help to stop venous edema, which is an early sign of chronic venous disease of the leg. Hence it may help in varicosity of vein.
Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is a fatty acid that has antifungal properties.
Scopoletin
Scopoletin exhibits a cholesterol lowering effect and vasodilating properties. Hence it helps in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and prevention of CAD.
Cyclooxygenase and 5 - lipoxygenase have been found to cause inflammation and pain. Scopoletin has demonstrated inhibitory effects on these mediators. Hence Noni has anti inflammatory and analgesic activity.
Scopoletin has shown to have anit-spasmolytic activity on the uterus and small intestine, therefore being beneficial in menstrual cramping and irritable bowel conditions.
Scopoletin has bacteriostatic activity against various species of bacteria, including Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ursolic acid
Ursolic acid has anti fungal property. It inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and Microsporium lenosum. Ursolic acid has anti-inflammatory properties and is used in ointments to treat burns.
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